Teb ceev:Acetonitrile (CH₃CN, CAS 75-}05-8) yog cov kuab tshuaj tsw qab heev (flash point 6 degree) thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg uas nws qhov kev phom sij tseem ceeb los ntawm nws cov metabolism hauv lub cev rau cyanide - txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem ncua cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom loj heev los ntawm ob peb teev tom qab kis tau.
Acetonitrile (CH₃CN, CAS 75-05-8), tseem hu ua methyl cyanide, yog cov kua tsis muaj xim, pob tshab nrog cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb - infinitely miscible nrog dej thiab cawv thiab dav siv los ua HPLC mobile theem, organic-synthesis hnyav thiab muaj extractant. Nws kuj yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg heev, thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv txaus ntshai muaj ib qho uas yuav tsum tau to taub ua ntej: acetonitrile yog metabolized hauv lub cev rau cyanide.
1. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: Cyanide tso tawm hauv lub cev
Acetonitrile nws tus kheej tsis yog dab tsi ua rau mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Lub compound yog metabolized nyob rau hauv daim siab rau cyanide ions, uas inhibit cytochrome oxidase thiab thaiv lub hlwb muaj peev xwm siv oxygen - ua cov tshuaj asphyxiation ntawm cov cellular theem. Vim tias qhov kev hloov pauv no yuav siv sijhawm, cov tsos mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ncua ntev li ob peb teev, thiab tus neeg uas hnov zoo tam sim ntawd tom qab kis tau tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo tom qab. Ib qho tseem ceeb raug rau acetonitrile - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog noj los yog nqus pa ntawm cov pa muaj zog - yuav tsum tau kho raws li kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev, nrog rau tus neeg mob tau soj ntsuam thiab, rau cov mob hnyav, kho nrog tus txheej txheem cyanide antidote raws tu qauv (amyl nitrite/sodium nitrite thiab sodium thiosulfate) raws li kev kho mob.
Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb dav dav thiab tsis yog hloov pauv rau cov kev taw qhia kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej tshwm sim los yog lom, hu rau cov chaw kho mob xwm txheej ceev lossis lub chaw tswj tshuaj lom tam sim ntawd.
2. Lub cev thiab hluav taws kub
| Khoom | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| Flash point | 6℃(kaw khob) - flammable heev |
| Explosive ntau yam hauv huab cua | 4–16% (v/v) |
| Boiling point / ceev | 81.6℃/ 0.786 g / cm³ |
| Vapor cwj pwm | Vapors hnyav dua li huab cua thiab tuaj yeem mus rau qhov chaw taws teeb |
| Exposure limit (TLV-TWA) | 20 ppm (ACGIH) |
| Tam sim ntawd txaus ntshai rau lub neej (IDLH) | 500 ppm |
3. Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Los Ntawm Txoj Kev
- Daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias: mob heev; Ntev ntev lossis rov ua dua ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau liab, khaus thiab mob; cov kua yog absorbed los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Ua pa system: vapor irritates txoj hlab pas, ua rau hnoos, hauv siab nruj thiab ua tsis taus pa; inhalation ntawm high concentrations ua rau cov cyanide - hom kab mob tshwm sim tau piav saum toj no.
- Lub paj hlwb: Kev raug mob ntev lossis raug mob hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, insomnia thiab nco tsis zoo; Cov mob hnyav nce mus rau qhov tsis meej pem, convulsions lossis coma - zoo ib yam nrog cyanide- cov ntaub so ntswg kho hypoxia.
- Daim siab: acetonitrile feem ntau metabolized los ntawm daim siab; ntev -lub sij hawm overexposure tuaj yeem overload lub cev, nrog cov tsos mob xws li tsis qab los noj mov thiab qaug zog.
4. Kev ntsuas kub ceev (Thawj pab)
- Tiv tauj daim tawv nqaij: Tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws tsis huv, yaug kom huv si nrog dej tsawg kawg 15 feeb.
- Qhov muag sib cuag: yaug nrog dej tsawg kawg 15 feeb, nqa lub hau; nrhiav kev kho mob.
- Inhalation: txav mus rau huab cua ntshiab; yog tias ua pa nyuaj, muab cov pa oxygen; Qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kev kho mob tam sim vim tias muaj cov nyhuv cyanide qeeb.
- Noj: tsis txhob ntuav; nrhiav kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev tam sim ntawd - txoj kev no muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj cyanide.
5. Kev tuav ruaj ntseg thiab khaws cia
Siv nyob rau hauv lub fume hood los yog nrog cov pa cua hauv zos zoo; saib xyuas cov huab cua nyob qhov twg cov ntim loj raug tuav.
Hnav cov tshuaj lom neeg- hnab looj tes tiv thaiv, tsom iav thiab cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv; zam qhov qhib nplaim taws, sparks thiab kub qhov chaw - flash point yog 6℃.
Khaws rau hauv cov thawv kaw kom nruj rau hauv qhov chaw txias, zoo - qhov cua qhov chaw kom deb ntawm tshav kub, qhov hluav taws kub, muaj zog oxidizers, acids thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Bond thiab hauv av ntim thaum lub sij hawm hloov mus los tiv thaiv static ignition. Rau kev pabcuam thawj zaug, kev tswj kom raug thiab cov txheej txheem pov tseg, xa mus rau acetonitrile SDS.
6. Pov tseg
Pov tseg cov acetonitrile thiab cov khoom tsis huv raws li cov pov tseg tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm lub chaw muaj ntawv tso cai; tsis txhob nchuav rau hauv qhov dej los yog cov kav dej. Sau cov thawv pov tseg kom meej thiab khaws cia lawv cais tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tsis sib xws.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog Acetonitrile Toxic rau tib neeg?
Yog lawm. Acetonitrile yog metabolized hauv lub cev rau cyanide, uas thaiv cov cellular oxygen siv. Kev toxicity yog ncua es tsis yog tam sim ntawd, txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov sij hawm tom qab qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb ua ntej cov tsos mob tshwm sim.
Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj nqus tau Acetonitrile?
Inhaling acetonitrile vapor ua rau lub ntsws ua pa, ua rau hnoos thiab hauv siab nruj ntawm qhov qis dua. Thaum muaj ntau ntau, absorbed acetonitrile yog metabolized rau cyanide, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, tsis meej pem thiab, thaum mob hnyav, qaug dab peg lossis tsis nco qab thaum cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntau tshaj li ob peb teev.
Puas yog Acetonitrile Flammable?
Yog lawm. Acetonitrile muaj qhov taw tes ntawm 6℃thiab tawg ntau ntawm 4-16% hauv huab cua, ua rau nws muaj cov nplaim hluav taws kub heev uas yuav tsum tau cia kom deb ntawm qhov kub thiab qhov hluav taws kub.
Dab tsi yog Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Rau Acetonitrile Poisoning?
Kev mob hnyav acetonitrile raug kho siv tus qauv cyanide antidote raws tu qauv - amyl nitrite/sodium nitrite thiab sodium thiosulfate - tswj raws li kev kho mob. Qhov no tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm cov kws kho mob uas tau kawm; ib tus neeg uas xav tias muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob sai sai.
Ua haujlwm nrog HPLC-qib lossis muaj acetonitrile? Saib peb daim ntawv qhia tag nrho rau acetonitrile ua cov kuab tshuaj rau qib kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv, lossis tiv tauj peb pab neeg ua haujlwm rauCOA thiab tuav cov ntaub ntawv.
